Also known as: inflict · inflicts · inflicted · inflicting · IIED
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
The act of causing harm, injury, or a specified consequence to be suffered by another person or entity. The term encompasses both physical and nonphysical harms when paired with the requisite intent or statutory prohibition.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Ike Ingram confronted Idris Ives outside a bar after an argument. Ike drew a knife and stabbed Idris in the abdomen, intending to cause serious injury. The victim died from the wound two days later. Prosecutors charged Ike with murder on the theory that his intent to inflict grievous bodily harm supplied the required malice.
Imani Idowu entered a convenience store and grabbed cash from the register. When the clerk resisted, Imani punched the clerk in the face, breaking his jaw. The blow constituted the infliction of serious bodily injury during the theft, elevating the charge to first-degree robbery.
Isabella Ingram swung her arm at a crowded party intending only to startle Irene Ingalls. Her hand struck Irene's shoulder, causing a bruise. Because Isabella acted with the purpose of making offensive contact, she is liable for battery even though she did not intend the resulting physical harm.
State senators who voted against a bill watched the lieutenant governor cast a tie-breaking vote that enacted the measure. The senators sued, claiming the executive action inflicted a concrete, personal injury by nullifying their votes and producing an outcome they had opposed.
A state corrections department imposed extended solitary confinement on inmates for minor infractions. The inmates argued that the prolonged isolation constituted cruel and unusual punishment inflicted in violation of the Eighth Amendment.
A director of Ironwood Capital approved a transaction that diverted corporate assets to his own company. Shareholders alleged the approval amounted to an intentional infliction of harm on the corporation and its owners, removing any statutory protection for the director.
Both satisfy the malice aforethought element at common law. Intent to inflict grievous bodily harm requires only that the defendant purposefully caused serious injury, while intent to kill requires purpose to cause death. Either supports a murder conviction.
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The statute is satisfied when the actor inflicts serious bodily injury during the theft. An attempt to inflict such injury also elevates the degree of the offense to a first-degree felony.
…out of State. As made clear by the case of Obergefell and Arthur, and by that of DeKoe and Kostura, the recognition bans inflict substantial and continuing harm on same-sex couples. Being married in one State but having that valid marriage denied in another is one of “the most perplexing and distressing…
…owners for pecuniary losses they may sustain, by reason of their not being permitted, by a noxious use of their property, to inflict
…jurisdiction. "(4) The woman has reason to believe that the furnishing of notice to her spouse is likely to result in the infliction
…his purchase. BMW's conduct evinced no indifference to or reckless disregard for the health and safety of others. To be sure, infliction of economic injury, especially when done intentionally through affirmative acts of misconduct, id. , at 453, or when the target is financially vulnerable, can warrant a substantial…
…state remedies for violation of common-law rights by private citizens argue in favor of a federal damages remedy. The injuries
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Yes. Liability attaches if the defendant intended offensive contact and that contact occurred, even without intent to produce the resulting physical harm.
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They must demonstrate that an executive action concretely and personally injured them by nullifying their votes and causing a specific legislative outcome they opposed.
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No. It prohibits only cruel and unusual punishments. Courts assess whether the punishment is excessive or involves unnecessary infliction of pain under evolving standards of decency.
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Protection is lost when the transaction involves an intentional infliction of harm on the corporation or its shareholders.
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