Also known as:discovered peril doctrine · discovered peril · last clear chance
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
An exception to the contributory negligence bar that permits a negligent plaintiff to recover when the defendant discovers the plaintiff's peril and fails to use a then-existing opportunity to avoid the harm.
Sources & Authorities· 2 sources
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Restatements
Dictionaries
How it applies
Common Examples
4
Technician Pinned in Turbine
Ashley bypassed a lockout and entered an active nacelle at Union Renewable's wind farm. He slipped and became trapped with his legs in the rotor path. Andrew saw repeated alerts and camera feeds on his console but delayed shutdown to avoid an output interruption. The blades struck Ashley before stopping.
Car Rolls Off Lift
Carla ignored an Employees Only sign and entered Apex Auto's service bay. Dan saw her near the idling vehicle on the lift but continued the diagnostic test without wheel chocks. The car rolled off and struck her.
American Motorcycle Association v. Superior Court20 Cal.3d 578, 590, 578 P.2d 899, 906, 146 Cal.Rptr. 182, 189
Wheel Detaches After Repair
Jenna drove her sedan after Bridge Auto failed to tighten the lug nuts. The wheel began wobbling visibly. The Bridge Auto mechanic saw the sedan approaching the shop again but took no steps to flag or stop it. The wheel detached and struck her.
Daly v. General Motors Corp.20 Cal.3d 725, 575 P.2d 1162, 144 Cal.Rptr. 380
Motorcycle Chase Injury
A police officer pursued a motorcycle at high speed through city streets. The motorcycle dumped and the rider lay in the roadway. The officer saw the fallen rider in time to brake but continued forward and struck the rider.
County of Sacramento v. Lewis523 U.S. 833 (1998)
Common questions
Frequently Asked
3
How does the discovered-peril doctrine interact with contributory negligence?+
The doctrine creates a narrow exception. A plaintiff's contributory negligence bars recovery unless the defendant had a last clear chance after discovering the peril.
Supporting sources
What must a plaintiff show to invoke the discovered-peril doctrine?+
The plaintiff must show that the defendant discovered the peril, had a then-existing opportunity to avoid harm, and failed to use reasonable care to prevent the injury.
Supporting sources
Does the doctrine apply when the defendant never actually saw the plaintiff?+
No. The defendant must have discovered the peril through actual awareness or a duty of vigilance that would have revealed it.
Supporting sources
523 U.S. 833 (1998)Torts
…least in part, for his own death. Was there contributory fault on the part of Willard or Lewis? Did the police officer have the "last clear chance" to avoid the accident? Did Willard and Lewis, by fleeing from the police, "assume the risk" of the accident? These are interesting questions of tort law, not of constitutional governance.…