Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A formal adverb referring back to a thing or place previously mentioned in the discourse. It functions as a concise substitute for repeating the antecedent noun or phrase in legal drafting and opinions.
Travis Tate owns a vacant lot with an unfenced excavation. Local children frequently play near the site. When a child is injured by the condition, liability attaches because the possessor knew children were likely to trespass thereon.
Tiffany Torres is the intended beneficiary of a promise by TechVista Solutions to pay her consulting fees owed by Trailblazer Airlines. After receiving partial payment from the promisee, any judgment thereon reduces the promisor's remaining duty by the same amount.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Tabitha Taylor was removed from her leased storefront by the landlord. She later returns and places one foot inside the premises. That single step does not regain possession thereof under the governing statute.
Timothy Tang operates heavy machinery on his industrial parcel. Vibrations from the activity damage a neighboring building. The possessor faces liability for harm caused by the activity carried on by him thereon.
Tara Tran sells shares after reading Basic Inc.'s press releases. She later sues alleging the statements were misleading and that she relied thereon in making the sale.
Tracy Torres publishes criticism of a public official. The writing addresses the right of free examination of public measures and free communication among the people thereon.
No. The adverb serves only as a drafting shortcut that refers back to the previously identified thing or place without altering the rule's elements or scope.
Supporting sources
Satisfaction of a judgment against either the promisee or the promisor discharges the corresponding duty of the other party to the same extent, subject to subrogation rights.
It identifies the specific land from which the person was dispossessed, clarifying that merely setting foot on the same parcel does not restore possession.
The term provides concise, precise reference to the antecedent land or condition, reducing repetition while preserving exact doctrinal scope in formal legal texts.
Supporting sources
…it is levelled against the right of freely examining public characters and measures, and of free communication among the people thereon, which has ever been justly deemed the only effectual guardian of every other right." 4 Elliot's Debates, supra, pp. 553-554. Madison prepared the Report in support of the protest. His…