Also known as: supervise · supervises · supervised · supervising · supervisors · supervisor
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
Direction or control exercised by one party over the actions or performance of another to ensure compliance with standards or obligations.
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Sapphire Holdings contracted with Skyline Construction for a multi-phase commercial development requiring ongoing adjustments to plans and materials. When Skyline breached, Sapphire sought specific performance. The court refused the remedy because the character and magnitude of performance would require disproportionate judicial supervision over years of work.
A religious organization operated a nonprofit housing facility under its direct supervision and control. The organization limited occupancy to members of its faith. The Fair Housing Act permitted the limitation because the facility was operated for a noncommercial purpose under the organization's supervision.
In a criminal trial the prosecution offered a lab report through the testimony of a supervisor who had not performed or observed the testing. The defendant objected on confrontation grounds. The court held the supervisor could not substitute for the actual analyst because the report was offered for its truth.
Sylvia Santos allowed her minor child to play unsupervised near a busy street after repeated warnings about traffic. The child darted into traffic and caused an accident injuring a pedestrian. The pedestrian sued Santos, alleging her negligent supervision proximately caused the harm.
Samantha Stone's unemancipated minor child sued her for injuries sustained when Stone negligently supervised the child during a family activity. The court applied parental immunity because the claim arose from the exercise of parental authority and supervision within the family relationship.
Spectrum Financial assigned a complex litigation matter to a new associate without any partner review or training. The associate committed ethical violations that harmed the client. The firm faced discipline because partners failed to provide reasonable supervision and guidance.
A promise will not be specifically enforced if the character and magnitude of performance would impose burdens of enforcement or supervision disproportionate to the advantages gained and the harm from denial. The court weighs the practical difficulties of ongoing oversight against the benefit of enforcement.
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Yes. The statute expressly allows a religious organization or a nonprofit it operates, supervises, or controls to limit occupancy of its noncommercial dwellings to persons of the same religion.
…Commissioners of the City of Montgomery, Alabama. He testified that he was "Commissioner of Public Affairs and the duties are supervision of the Police Department, Fire Department, Department of Cemetery and Department of Scales." He brought this civil libel action against the four individual petitioners, who are Negroes and…
…the autonomy and independence of the States — independence in their legislative and independence in their judicial departments. Supervision over either the legislative or the judicial action of the States is in no case permissible except as to matters by the Constitution specifically authorized or delegated to the United…
…regulate agriculture and like concerns: "The administration of private justice between the citizens of the same State, the supervision of agriculture and of other concerns of a similar nature, all those things in short which are proper to be provided for by local legislation, can never be desirable cares of a general…
…the interest of each state in providing means to close trusts that exist by the grace of its laws and are administered under the supervision
…authority. "To make scientific precision a criterion of constitutional power would be to subject the State to an intolerable supervision
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No. The prosecution cannot avoid a confrontation violation by presenting a forensic report through a supervisor or surrogate who played no role in performing or observing the testing. The actual analyst must be subject to cross-examination.
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No. Parental liability arises only when the parent's own negligence, such as negligent supervision or entrustment, is a proximate cause of the child's tortious conduct.
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Yes. An unemancipated minor may not sue a parent for ordinary negligence arising out of the exercise of parental authority, supervision, or discretion within the family relationship, subject to limited exceptions.
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Partners and supervising attorneys must provide reasonable training and oversight. A firm may not leave new associates to sink or swim on complex matters without guidance, and failure to supervise can be a basis for discipline when it contributes to ethical violations.
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