Also known as: outside parties · third party · outsider
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A person or entity that is not a direct participant in a transaction, agreement, or legal proceeding.
Odilia Okamura wrote an email accusing her coworker of theft and sent it to a colleague at the same firm. The colleague then shared the email with others outside the immediate employment dispute. The publication to the colleague satisfies the element of communication to an outside party, allowing the defamation claim to proceed against Odilia.
Opal Okoro purchased a warehouse from a seller and obtained a loan from Olympia Steel's financing arm to pay the purchase price. The lender recorded a mortgage on the same day title passed. The mortgage qualifies as a purchase money mortgage because the proceeds came from an outside party lender used to acquire title in the same transaction.
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Onyx O'Reilly and her spouse held their home as tenants by the entirety. While divorce proceedings were pending, Onyx executed a will leaving her interest to her brother. Upon Onyx's death the surviving spouse took full title by operation of law, and the attempted devise to the outside party brother had no effect.
Orlando Okafor was deployed overseas and could not attend his wedding. He executed a written authorization allowing his friend to serve as proxy at the ceremony. The state recognized the marriage because the absent party properly designated an outside party to participate in the solemnization.
Orchard Farms leased a parcel to a tenant for farming. An electric utility held a recorded easement across the land that predated the lease and could not be terminated at the landlord's will. The easement constitutes a paramount interest held by an outside party that binds the tenant.
Odin Obeng led a student organization at a public university that sought reimbursement for printing costs from a student activities fund. University officials denied the request because the group published a religious viewpoint. The denial treated the organization as an outside party whose speech could not receive equal funding under the program.
Liability requires an unprivileged publication of a false and defamatory statement to someone other than the person defamed. The publication element is satisfied once the statement reaches any third person who is not the original speaker or the subject.
A mortgage qualifies as a purchase money mortgage when an outside party lender supplies proceeds used to acquire title or construct improvements in the same transaction. That mortgage then takes priority over earlier claims arising against the purchaser before title passed.
No. Property held in joint tenancy or tenancy by the entirety passes by operation of law to the surviving co-tenant. A will attempting to devise the interest to an outside party has no effect while the tenancy remains intact.
The absent spouse authorizes an outside party in writing to stand in at the ceremony. The proxy participates in the solemnization on behalf of the absent party, allowing the marriage to be completed under state law that permits proxy marriages.
A legal interest held by an outside party at the time the lease is made is paramount to both the landlord and the tenant unless the recording act or the third party itself provides otherwise. Interests created after the lease are generally subordinate to the tenant's interest.
…Appellants own the Grand Central Terminal, which has been designated a landmark. They entered into a lease agreement with a third party to construct a multistory office building above the terminal. The Commission rejected the proposed construction, finding that it would destroy the terminal's historic and aesthetic…