Also known as: emissions · emit · emitted · emitting
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
2 senses
A discharge or release of a substance or energy from a source.
The formal issuance of bills of credit or other currency instruments by a governmental authority.
Each sense below has its own examples, sources, and questions.
A discharge or release of a substance or energy from a source.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Massachusetts petitions for review after the EPA denies a rulemaking petition seeking limits on greenhouse gas emissions from new motor vehicles. The Court holds that the Clean Air Act authorizes the agency to regulate such emissions and that Massachusetts has standing to challenge the denial.
A church whose land is rendered unusable by a county flood-control ordinance sues for just compensation. The temporary regulatory restriction on development is treated as a taking even though the ordinance addresses risks from upstream emissions and runoff.
A state plaintiff must demonstrate concrete injury from the emissions, causation traceable to the agency's failure to regulate, and redressability through a favorable judicial order. Massachusetts satisfied these elements by showing harm to its coastal property from rising sea levels linked to unregulated greenhouse gases.
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A temporary restriction that denies all economically viable use of property constitutes a taking for the period it is in effect. The church's inability to rebuild after a flood-control ordinance triggered compensation even though the restriction addressed risks including upstream emissions.
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The formal issuance of bills of credit or other currency instruments by a governmental authority.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
The legislature of State X enacts a statute directing the state treasury to print and distribute paper notes denominated in dollars and declared legal tender for all debts. A creditor refuses the notes and demands gold coin instead. The creditor prevails because the statute constitutes an emission of bills of credit forbidden to states.
The prohibition targets state-issued paper instruments intended to circulate as money. Electronic systems operated by private parties or the federal government fall outside the clause because they are not state emissions of bills of credit.
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…interview with a solicitor and to be brought before a magistrate with all convenient speed so that he may, if so advised, emit a declaration in presence of his solicitor under conditions which safeguard him against prejudice." [^maj-60]: "No confession made to a police officer shall be proved as against a person…
…damage to the cerebral hemispheres to a degree incompatible with consciousness . . . . "Third, recent data utilizing positron emission
…Miller v. Schoene , 276 U. S. 272 (1928) (infectious tree disease); Hadacheck v. Sebastian , 239 U. S. 394 (1915) (
…have no "peculiar nature." As I read the Bie case, the negative implication from its facts is that a business which does not emit dust or odors ( i.e., which has no peculiar nature) and which is in conformity with zoning regulations is not a private nuisance. I would hold under the facts of the instant case that the…
…(1986)). Respondent asserts that the "investigation costs" it seeks were incurred prior to the litigation, in digging up the
West Virginia challenges an EPA rule that effectively requires existing coal-fired plants to shift generation to natural gas or renewables to reduce carbon emissions. The Court holds that the major-questions doctrine bars the agency from imposing such a transformative regulatory program without clear congressional authorization.
An environmental group sues a company for failing to file required reports on toxic chemical emissions and storage. The Court dismisses the action for lack of redressability because the requested civil penalties would not remedy the group's informational injury.
Friends of the Earth sues a wastewater treatment plant for repeated violations of its Clean Water Act permit that allow pollutant emissions into a river. The Court holds that the plaintiffs' ongoing concern about the river's condition supplies standing even after the defendant has come into compliance.
The EPA may not impose generation-shifting requirements that effectively restructure the energy sector without clear statutory authorization. Such transformative programs raise major questions that Congress must address explicitly.
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No. Costs incurred solely to gather information for litigation are insufficient to establish standing when the underlying claim for penalties does not redress the plaintiff's injury.
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Yes. Ongoing reasonable concern about the effects of past and possible future emissions on a waterway supplies standing even after the defendant achieves compliance.
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