Deposition Document List
In 55 BC Julius Caesar was appointed dux of the Roman forces in Gaul. He led campaigns against the Helvetii and secured provincial control. The Senate later confirmed his military authority under the dux title.
Also known as: duces · duke
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A title in Roman law for an army commander or a military governor of a province. The term later served as a title of nobility equivalent to duke.
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In 55 BC Julius Caesar was appointed dux of the Roman forces in Gaul. He led campaigns against the Helvetii and secured provincial control. The Senate later confirmed his military authority under the dux title.
Emperor Constantine named his general Flavius as dux of the eastern provinces. Flavius governed military affairs and collected taxes. Rivals challenged the scope of powers attached to the dux role.
In late Rome the emperor granted the dux title to Stilicho along with frontier estates. Stilicho used the lands to support his legions. Later rulers debated whether the grant survived the holder's death.
King William I awarded the dux title to William FitzOsbern for services at Hastings. FitzOsbern received vast holdings in Hereford. His descendants continued to style themselves dukes under the evolved noble title.
The Byzantine court appointed Belisarius dux of North Africa after his victories. Belisarius administered the province and its garrisons. When recalled he retained honors linked to the dux office.
Charlemagne created regional duces to defend the Carolingian borders. Each dux raised troops and maintained forts. The arrangement became the model for later European ducal ranks.
The term originates in Roman law as a designation for an army commander or military governor of a province. Over time it evolved into a noble title.
Supporting sources
…in fact and a substantial likelihood that the judicial relief requested will prevent or redress the claimed injury . . . ." Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Environmental Study Group, Inc. , 438 U. S. 59, 79 (1978). If the veto provision violates the Constitution, and is severable, the deportation order against Chadha…