Also known as: infra · see below
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A cross-reference instruction in legal documents directing the reader to a subsequent section or discussion within the same work for further elaboration or supporting authority.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Simon Stern, holding a junior mortgage on an office building, secures appointment of a receiver who collects net rents after taxes and maintenance. The receiver applies the excess to the junior debt rather than the senior obligation. A later section of the brief addresses the duty to avoid waste on the property.
Sylvia Santos and her spouse petition for recognition of their out-of-state same-sex marriage. The memorandum analyzes due process implications in one section. A later portion examines equal protection claims under state law.
Sierra Santos seeks a special use permit for a group home serving individuals with intellectual disabilities. The filing discusses rational basis review for the zoning ordinance. A subsequent analysis addresses whether the permit requirement imposes an irrational burden.
Stephen Shaw challenges a state statute restricting abortion access before viability. The argument section reviews historical common law treatment of the procedure. A later discussion evaluates the trimester framework and state interests.
Spectrum Financial challenges a commission order banning promotional advertising by electric utilities. The petition analyzes the commercial speech doctrine in an early section. A following portion weighs the state's energy conservation rationale against the restriction.
Steven Silva and other applicants allege a companywide policy of discriminatory hiring for line driver positions. The complaint presents statistical evidence of disparate impact. A later section addresses the burden-shifting framework for proving systemic discrimination.
A writer uses see infra to direct readers to a later section of the same document that will supply additional analysis or authority on the point. This technique keeps the current discussion concise while preserving the cross-reference for later elaboration.
See infra imposes no obligation. It merely signals that further relevant material appears later in the document. The reader may consult the referenced section or continue without it.
See infra points forward to material appearing later in the document, whereas see supra points backward to earlier material. Both serve as internal navigation aids within the same work.
…problem after 1527; and that the preamble to the English legislation of 1803, 43 Geo. 3, c. 58, § 1, referred to in the text, infra , at 136, states that "no adequate means have been hitherto provided for the prevention and punishment of such offenses." [^maj-27]: Commonwealth v. Bangs , 9 Mass. 387, 388 (1812);…