Also known as: innoxiares · innoxiavit · acquit · exonerate
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
To clear a person of fault or liability by means of a formal legal declaration or proceeding.
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Imperial Motors as general partner knowingly filed false occupancy data with the zoning board to speed approvals. The limited partner sued for the resulting tenant displacement costs. The court refused to innoxiare the general partner because the statute bars any partnership agreement from relieving liability for knowing violations of law.
Ivan Ivanov shot a neighbor during a psychotic episode and claimed he did not know the act was wrong. The prosecution introduced evidence of prior eccentricity but no proof of sanity at the time of the shooting. The jury innoxiare Ivanov after finding the defense established to the required degree.
Iris Irons killed her husband after years of abuse and the state relied on a presumption that malice could be inferred from the killing alone. The defense showed the presumption shifted the burden on an element of the crime. The court innoxiare Irons of murder because the state failed to prove malice beyond a reasonable doubt.
Isaac Irving was convicted after the government introduced statements from several co-conspirators without proper limiting instructions. On appeal the court examined whether the error affected the verdict. Because the remaining evidence overwhelmingly proved guilt the court refused to innoxiare Irving of the conviction.
Isabelle Inman shot her employer and raised an insanity defense at trial. The court instructed the jury that the defendant bore the burden of proving insanity to the reasonable satisfaction of the jury. The jury innoxiare Inman after she met that burden with medical testimony.
Ibrahim Iqbal served as a postmaster and was removed by the president without Senate consent. He sued claiming the removal violated statutory protections. The court innoxiare the president of any liability for the removal because the Constitution grants unrestricted removal authority over executive officers.
The term requires a formal declaration or proceeding that clears the person of liability for the conduct at issue. Modern statutes limit when such clearance is available, especially for bad faith or knowing violations of law.
No. The uniform act expressly prohibits any agreement from relieving liability for bad faith, willful misconduct, or knowing violations of law. Courts therefore refuse to give effect to attempted exculpation clauses covering such conduct.
…that is, "in a reasonable sense," to include a serious and permanent threat to the mother's health , and instructed the jury to acquit Dr. Bourne if it found he had acted in a good-faith belief that the abortion was necessary for this purpose. Id. , at 693-694. The jury did acquit. Recently, Parliament enacted a new…